Glossary

All-weather course

オールウェザーコース

A synthetic racing surface intended for use across varied weather conditions.

Category: Surface and course

Related terms: 2

American Quarter Horse

アメリカン・クォーターホース

A recognized horse breed associated with rapid acceleration over short distances and also used in a wide range of working and sport disciplines. The breed remains separate from Quarter Horse racing as a racing category.

Aliases: Quarter Horse

Category: Horse breed

Related terms: 1

Arabian horse

アラブ馬

A recognized horse breed represented by dedicated breed registries and used across racing, endurance, showing, and other equestrian activities. The breed remains separate from Arabian racing as a racing category.

Aliases: Arabian

Category: Horse breed

Related terms: 1

Arabian racing

アラブ競馬

Racing restricted to or principally contested by Arabian horses. The racing type is separate from the Arabian horse breed definition.

Category: Racing type

Related terms: 2

Banei racing

ばんえい競馬

A Japanese racing format in which draft horses pull weighted sleds over a straight sand course with two hill-shaped obstacles. Despite those obstacles, it is classified separately from jump racing.

Category: Racing type

Related terms: 2

Breeder

生産者

A person or organization identified with breeding or producing a horse under the relevant breed or registry rules. This definition does not publish pedigrees, breeding records, or breeder lists.

Aliases: Horse breeder

Category: Racing role

Related terms: 1

Clerk of the scales

検量担当者

A race official responsible for weight-related checks for riders where the racing rules require them. The role definition does not publish rider weights, entries, or results.

Aliases: Clerk of scales

Category: Racing role

Related terms: 1

Course using both directions

左右両回りコース

A venue or layout officially used in both clockwise and counter-clockwise directions.

Category: Racecourse term

Related terms: 1

Dirt

ダート

A dirt or soil-based racing surface. Local composition and official naming can differ by jurisdiction.

Category: Surface and course

Related terms: 2

Draft horse

輓馬

A broad horse type developed for pulling heavy loads. Draft horse includes multiple breeds and must not be represented as one breed or as a synonym for Banei racing.

Aliases: Draught horse, Heavy horse

Category: Horse type

Related terms: 1

Driver

ドライバー

A person who controls the cart or sulky in harness racing. The role is distinct from a jockey, who rides on the horse.

Aliases: Harness racing driver

Category: Racing role

Related terms: 2

Entries

出走登録・出走情報

Horses and associated participants registered, nominated, declared, or otherwise listed for a race, depending on the source stage and jurisdiction. An entries dataset is distinct from the definition of the term.

Aliases: Race entries, Declared runners

Category: Race data term

Related terms: 5

Fixture

開催日程（フィクスチャ）

A scheduled racing date or calendar item. A fixture states that racing is planned, while a meeting describes the organized racing event or period associated with the schedule.

Aliases: Race fixture

Category: Race data term

Related terms: 2

Flat racing

平地競馬

Racing run without required jumps or obstacles. Flat racing may take place on turf, dirt, or all-weather surfaces, so the racing type must not be treated as a surface label.

Category: Racing type

Related terms: 7

Governing body

統括団体

An organization that sets, administers, or coordinates rules and structures for racing within a defined scope. A governing body may also act as a racing authority in some jurisdictions, but the roles are not assumed to be identical everywhere.

Aliases: Racing governing body

Category: Governance and operation

Related terms: 2

Harness racing

繋駕競走

Racing in which a horse pulls a light two-wheeled cart and is controlled by a driver. Trotting and pacing are the principal gait-based forms within harness racing.

Category: Racing type

Related terms: 4

Jockey

騎手

A rider authorized to ride a horse in a race. The role definition is separate from any list of individual jockeys, mounts, entries, weights, or results.

Aliases: Race rider

Category: Racing role

Related terms: 2

Jump course

障害コース

A course or layout used for races over obstacles. Detailed obstacle specifications remain with official sources.

Category: Surface and course

Related terms: 3

Jump racing

障害競馬

Racing in which horses are required to clear obstacles. It is an umbrella racing type that can include steeplechases and hurdle races, and it is distinct from a jump-course surface or layout description.

Category: Racing type

Related terms: 3

Left-handed course

左回りコース

A course where races proceed counter-clockwise around the main turns.

Category: Racecourse term

Related terms: 1

Link-first source

リンク優先ソース

A source handled primarily by preserving a reviewed link and explanatory context rather than copying its body or enabling automated extraction. Link-first handling can remain in place until source-specific review supports a different mode.

Aliases: Link-only source

Category: Official source

Related terms: 2

Meeting

開催（ミーティング）

An organized period or session of racing presented under a racing program. Its exact duration and structure vary by jurisdiction, so it is distinct from an individual fixture date.

Aliases: Race meeting

Category: Race data term

Related terms: 3

Odds

オッズ

Betting-market prices or ratios associated with possible race outcomes. Odds can change and are not a prediction or recommendation produced by Where Horses Run.

Aliases: Betting odds, Prices

Category: Race data term

Related terms: 2

Official calendar

公式開催カレンダー

A fixture or meeting schedule published by a responsible racing authority, governing body, operator, or other first-party organization. It is a source document for scheduled dates, not a complete racecard.

Aliases: Official fixture calendar, Official schedule

Category: Official source

Related terms: 2

Official racecard

公式レースカード

A racecard published by the responsible authority, operator, or other first-party racing organization. Where Horses Run may link to it but does not treat the complete entries, odds, results, or payout content as a reusable public dataset.

Aliases: Official card, First-party racecard

Category: Official source

Related terms: 2

Official source

公式ソース

A source published or maintained by the authority, operator, or organization responsible for the information. Official status identifies provenance; it does not guarantee permanent availability, error-free content, or automatic acceptance by Where Horses Run.

Aliases: First-party source

Category: Official source

Related terms: 7

Owner

馬主

A person or organization holding an ownership interest in a racehorse under the applicable registration and racing rules. This definition does not publish ownership records or individual owner lists.

Aliases: Racehorse owner

Category: Racing role

Related terms: 2

Pacing

ペース競走

A gait-based form of harness racing in which the legs on the same side move together. It is classified under harness racing, not as a horse breed or racing surface.

Category: Racing type

Related terms: 2

Payouts

払戻

Amounts or returns officially declared for winning betting selections after settlement. Payouts depend on the applicable betting system and are distinct from pre-race odds and race results.

Aliases: Dividends, Returns

Category: Race data term

Related terms: 2

Post time

発走予定時刻

The scheduled time for a race to start, normally expressed in the racecourse local time. It is a schedule value and may differ from the actual start time.

Aliases: Scheduled start time

Category: Race data term

Related terms: 2

Quarter Horse racing

クォーターホース競馬

Racing for American Quarter Horses, commonly associated with short-distance speed. The racing type is separate from the American Quarter Horse breed definition.

Category: Racing type

Related terms: 2

Racecard

レースカード（出走表）

A published document or page that organizes the races for a meeting and may include entries, scheduled post times, weights, odds, and other race information. Where Horses Run links to official racecards instead of republishing complete racecard datasets.

Aliases: Card, Race program

Category: Race data term

Related terms: 5

Racecourse

競馬場

A venue where horse races are held.

Category: Racecourse term

Related terms: 10

Racecourse operator

競馬場運営者

An organization responsible for operating a racecourse or racing venue and often publishing local venue, fixture, or race information. An operator is not automatically the governing body or racing authority for the wider jurisdiction.

Aliases: Track operator, Venue operator

Category: Governance and operation

Related terms: 2

Racing authority

競馬当局

An official regulatory or administrative body responsible for oversight of racing within a jurisdiction or defined system. It may also be a governing body or operator, but Where Horses Run records those functions separately when possible.

Aliases: Racing regulator, Racing administration

Category: Governance and operation

Related terms: 2

Results

競走結果

The officially published outcome of a race, such as finishing order and race status. Results describe what happened in the race and remain distinct from betting payouts.

Aliases: Race results, Official results

Category: Race data term

Related terms: 1

Right-handed course

右回りコース

A course where races proceed clockwise around the main turns.

Category: Racecourse term

Related terms: 1

Source status

ソース状態

A Where Horses Run label describing how a source is currently reviewed or handled, such as candidate, link-first, parser-reviewed, unavailable, or stale. It is an operational state, not a universal quality score for the organization.

Aliases: Source handling status

Category: Official source

Related terms: 2

Standardbred

スタンダードブレッド

A recognized horse breed closely associated with harness racing. Individual Standardbreds may compete in trotting or pacing, but the breed itself is not a gait or racing type.

Aliases: Standardbred horse

Category: Horse breed

Related terms: 3

Starter

スターター（発走担当）

A race official responsible for conducting or authorizing the start according to the applicable rules. The starter is a role; post time is the scheduled time of the race.

Aliases: Official starter

Category: Racing role

Related terms: 1

Steeplechase

スティープルチェイス

A form of jump racing run over fences or other substantial obstacles. It is a subtype of jump racing rather than a synonym for every race conducted over obstacles.

Category: Racing type

Related terms: 2

Steward

スチュワード（裁決委員）

A race official responsible for overseeing conduct, applying racing rules, and reviewing incidents within the official process. A steward is an official role, not the governing body itself.

Aliases: Racing steward

Category: Racing role

Related terms: 1

Straight course

直線コース

A racing course or segment run without the main oval turns.

Category: Racecourse term

Related terms: 1

Thoroughbred

サラブレッド

A recognized horse breed maintained through stud-book registration and strongly associated with racing. The breed entry describes the horse and remains separate from Thoroughbred flat racing as a racing type.

Aliases: Thoroughbred horse

Category: Horse breed

Related terms: 1

Thoroughbred flat racing

サラブレッド平地競馬

Flat racing restricted to or principally contested by Thoroughbred horses. The racing type is separate from the Thoroughbred breed definition and from the turf, dirt, or all-weather surface used.

Aliases: Thoroughbred racing

Category: Racing type

Related terms: 2

Trainer

調教師

A person responsible for training and preparing horses for racing under the applicable rules. The role is separate from ownership and breeding.

Aliases: Racehorse trainer

Category: Racing role

Related terms: 3

Trotting

トロット競走

A gait-based form of harness racing in which diagonal pairs of legs move together. It is classified under harness racing, not as a horse breed or racing surface.

Category: Racing type

Related terms: 2

Turf

芝

A grass racing surface. Racecourse pages link here for terminology only and do not infer race conditions.

Category: Surface and course

Related terms: 2